What is a spring?
ü What is a spring?
Springs are special parts
made of elastic materials. When subjected
to an external force, it can be elongated or shortened or deformed
in other ways to absorb external forces and stored in the body. After the external force is removed, the original energy absorbed and stored in the body is
released and the original shape is restored.
The characteristics, such as the suspension system of the carcass chassis and
the landing gear of the aircraft, all use springs to absorb the energy
generated by the external vibrations; the clocks and springs of the toy springs
use the plutonium to store energy as power. Wuyuan; Many institutions such as
the back spring of the door, the spring of the engine intake valve, etc., all
use the spring as the force eliciting device of the mechanism; in addition, as
the device of the spring scale, the spring is used to directly proportional to
the deformation and force. Design power measurement tools.
ü According to the form of the spring
The main
products can be divided into "compression spring", "extension
spring", "torsion spring", and "radial spring".
ü There are four general types of springs:
1. Absorb shock-mitigating shocks: for example chassis
springs for cars or trains, springs on airplane landing wheels, buffers on
locomotive supports, and pedal springs for bicycles.
2. Measure of force or power: for example springs on spring scales and various
power indicators.
3. Generate force to maintain mechanical contact: for
example, boiler safety valves, brakes, clutches, and springs on cam mechanisms.
4. Storage of energy: such as clockwork, gun triggers, drill handles,
spring power toys, etc.
ü
The properties
that spring materials generally have are:
1. Must have high elasticity and high
tensile strength:
(1)
Heat treatment
(2)
Cold processing
(3)
Low temperature
annealing after forming
2. With appropriate toughness: inversely proportional to the tensile strength and
toughness, so it can be evaluated according to the contraction, extension, and
twisting of the section.
3. The surface must be in good
condition: Torsional torsion
test, helium inspection test.
4. Must have high dimensional accuracy: It requires high-precision load characteristics, and
the load is proportional to the third power of the diameter.
5. Must have good uniformity: Coil processing stability is good, the stability of
spring-loaded crucible, the stability of the load characteristics.
6. Corrosion resistance must be good: It can prevent early wear and tear, so the surface
treatment must be good.
ü 彈簧是什麼?
彈簧（spring）是利用彈性材料製造成特種形狀之機件。受到外力時，能產生伸長或縮短或其他不同方式的變形，以吸收外力而儲存於本體內，等到外力除去後，就將原來吸收儲存於本體內的能量放出，恢復原來的形狀，此即彈簧所具有的特性，例如汽車底盤的懸載系統、飛機的起落架，都利用彈簧來吸收受到外界震動而產生的能量；鐘錶、玩具發條的彈簧，則是用來儲存能量，以作為動力的來源；許多機構如門的回復彈簧、引擎進氣閥門的彈簧等，都是利用彈簧作為機構回復的施力裝置；另外如彈簧秤的裝置，則是利用彈簧變形量和受力成正比的特性，來設計力的度量工具。
ü 彈簧的種類
依其受力的形式，主要産品可以分為「壓縮彈簧(compression spring)」、「伸彈簧(extension spring)」、「扭力彈簧(torsion
spring)」、「徑向彈簧(radial spring)」
ü 彈簧的功用一般有四種：
1. 吸收振動緩和衝擊：例如汽車或火車之底盤彈簧、飛機著陸輪上的彈簧、機車支架上之緩衝器及腳踏車座墊彈簧等。
2. 力的量度或功率之指示：例如彈簧秤及各種的功率指示器上的彈簧。
3. 產生作用力，維持機件接觸：例如鍋爐的安全閥、制動器、離合器及凸輪機構上的彈簧。
4. 儲存能量：例如鐘錶發條、槍之板機、鑽床回彈把手及各種彈簧動力玩具等。
ü 彈簧用材料一般應具備之特性包括:
1. 必須彈性高,抗拉強度高:其改善辦法有
(1) 熱處理
(2) 冷加工
(3) 成形後作低溫退火
2. 具有適當之韌性:抗拉強度與韌性成反比 ,因此可依據斷面收縮、延伸、扭轉作良否之評價。
3. 表面狀態必須良好: 實旋扭轉試驗、瑕疵檢查試驗。
4. 必須尺寸精度高:要求高精度之荷重特性,荷重係依據徑之三次方成正比。
5. 必須具有良好之均勻性: 捲圈加工安定性良好,彈簧形狀之安定、荷重特性之安定。
6. 耐蝕性必須良好: 可防止早期疲勞之折損,所以表面處理須良好。
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